How does terrain affect VOR navigation?

Mountains or buildings can obstruct VOR signals, which is primarily why this choice is the most accurate. VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) navigation systems rely on radio signals emitted from ground stations to provide pilots with navigational information. These signals travel in straight lines, and when encountering geographical features such as mountains or tall buildings, the terrain can cause significant interference.

Obstruction can lead to signal distortion or loss, which may affect a pilot's ability to receive accurate positional information from the VOR. Since VOR signals are designed to be heard over line-of-sight distances, anything that blocks that line can disrupt communication. This means that pilots navigating in elevated terrain or urban environments must be aware of these potential signal interruptions, which can affect their navigation accuracy and situational awareness.

Understanding the impact of terrain on VOR navigation is crucial for flight planning and operational safety, as it helps pilots anticipate potential signal loss and prepare for alternate navigational strategies if necessary.